The splash guard is the black rubber flap ring sitting in the sink drain opening above the garbage disposal. It has multiple flaps that let food and water fall into the disposal while preventing waste from splashing back up during grinding. Over time the flaps tear, stiffen, or accumulate grease and mold that no amount of scrubbing removes. Replacing it takes 2 minutes, costs $3-$8, and requires no tools. Pull the old one out, push the new one in.